Screening of hepatitis D virus in blood donors in Dalian / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus in Dalian blood donors. 【Methods】 The samples reactive to HBV in blood screening were selected with the following confirmed results: 1)HBsAg+ &HBV DNA+ ; 2)HBsAg+ & HBV DNA-; 3)HBsAg-&HBV DNA+ ; 4)NAT-yield uncertain. Qualified samples in routine blood screening were additionally tested with anti-HBc+ and anti-HBs+. All samples selected were tested HDV IgG further. Initial reactive samples would be tested by another HDV IgG assay and HDV IgM assay. HDV IgG positive was confirmed when samples were reactive to two HDV IgG assays. 【Results】 None HDV antibodies were detected among 1 344 unqualified samples (507 HBsAg+ &HBV DNA+, 33 HBsAg+ &HBV DNA-, 477 HBsAg-&HBV DNA+ and 327 NAT-yield uncertain samples) or 766 qualified samples (397 anti-HBc+ and 369 anti-HBs samples) in blood screening. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of HDV infections among Dalian blood donors eligible in pre-donation screening seemed extremely low. However, for areas with high HBV prevalence, the risk of blood safety caused by OBI co-infection with HDV should not be ignored.

Hepatitis D virus seroprevalence in HBsAg positive patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

Background:Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is present worldwide. Around 18 million people are estimated to be infected with HDV and can infect individuals with active HBV infection and cause severe liver disease. There is lack of data on the prevalence of HDV infection in the state and also in the region. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HDV in HBsAg positive patients attending Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Imphal, Manipur, India.Methods:This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital (Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal).The study was done for a period of 2 years from September 2016 to August 2018. A total of 119 HBsAg ELISA positive cases were included in the study.Results:Out of 119 HBsAg positive cases, 5 cases were positive for hepatitis D antibodies, of which 3 were positive for anti-Hepatitis D virus IgM and 2 were positive for anti-Hepatitis D virus IgG.Seroprevalence of HDV infection was found to be 4.2%.Conclusions:Seroprevalence of HDV infection was found to be 4.2% which is higher than the finding in some of the recent studies in the country.

Research progress on molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus reactivation after liver transplantation / 器官移植

Liver transplantation is the most effective method for hepatitis B-related liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after liver transplantation is not conducive to the recovery of liver function and leads to poor clinical prognosis. The prevention and treatment of HBV reactivation is currently the focus of research by physicians and surgeons. The current viral suppression strategies can not completely eradicate HBV nor completely prevent the recurrence of HBV infection in the future. This article aims to explore the molecular mechanism of HBV reactivation after liver transplantation, in order to more effectively prevent the recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation.

Molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis delta virus infection in Minas Gerais state from Brazil, an area outside the hyperendemic region of the Amazon Basin

BACKGROUND Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are the most severe form of viral hepatitis. HDV prevalence is high in the Brazilian Amazon, but studies in other regions of the country are still scarce and often underestimated its prevalence by including a small numbers of individuals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the serological prevalence of hepatitis D, the genotypes circulating and to evaluate the associated risk factors for acquisition of HDV in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. METHODS We screened plasma samples (n = 498) from HBV chronic carriers for anti-HD antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. For those samples that were positive for anti-HD antibodies, we performed a reverse transcriptase (RT) nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) in order to detect the viral genome and identify the viral genotypes circulating in the state. FINDINGS The prevalence was 6.22% (31/498). Blood transfusion was the only risk factor associated with HDV infection [risk ratio: 3.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44 to 9.65]. For 26 anti-HD positive patients, HDAg gene sequences were determined and in all patients HDV genotype 1 was found. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the circulation of HDV in Minas Gerais, an area previously considered non-endemic for hepatitis D in Brazil. The prevalence found in this study is much higher when compared to other studies performed in Brazil, probably because the population in our study was selected with minimal bias. Furthermore, in 26 anti-HD positive plasma samples, we were also able to detect the viral genome, indicating that these patients were experienced an active infection at the time of sample collection. These findings emphasise the importance of anti-HD testing in HBV infected individuals, which may contribute to this disease control in Brazil.

Presence of acute hepatitis D infection in HBsAg positive cancer patients: A preliminary study from west Gujarat.

Background & objectives: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is well known to induce a spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases. There has been global decline in the prevalence of hepatitis D infection. The aim of the present study was to know the presence of acute HDV infection among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive cancer patients. Methods: A total of 5043 samples were subjected for routine testing of HBV, HIV and HCV by ELISA method. Further, 150 HbsAg positive samples were tested for HDV IgM detection by ELISA method. Results: Of the 5043 blood samples tested in the laboratory, 150 (2.97%) were positive for HBsAg. HDV IgM was negative in all HbsAg positive samples. Interpretation & conclusions: Acute infection by HDV (IgM detection) was not present in HBsAg positive cancer patients. Further studies on a large number of patients in different regions are required to confirm our preliminary findings.

Comparative analysis of two kinds of hepatitis D virus antibody test kits / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To conduct the study and comparative analysis on the performance of foreign hepatitis D virus (HDV) an-tibody test kits .Methods The collected 1 000 serum samples were tested by 3 kinds of different reagent :test reagent ,reference rea-gent and third party reagent .The detection results were processed by the statistical method and the judgement was performed base on the S/Co value .Results The Kappa analysis showed that the Kappa value was 0 .950(P<0 .01) .The specificity was 100% ,the sensitivity was 97 .73% and the area under ROC was 0 .986 .Conclusion The test kit has a relatively high accuracy and high consis-tency compared with the diagnostic reagent kits now widely used in domestic .Increasing the clinical detection rate of HDV can play a helping role on prevention ,early diagnosis and treatment of the disease .

Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease / Infecção pelo vírus da hepatite D na Amazônia brasileira - longe de uma doença em declínio

INTRODUCTION: A decline in hepatitis D virus (HDV) occurrence was described in Europe and Asia. We estimated HDV prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon following hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey of HDV measured by total antibodies to HDV (anti-HD T). RESULTS: HDV prevalence was 41.9% whiting HBsAg carries and was associated with age (PR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.42; p = 0.01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (PR = 4.38; 95% CI 3.12-6.13; p < 0.001), and clinical hepatitis (PR =1.44; 95% CI 1.03-2.00; p = 0.03). Risk factors were related to HDV biology, clinical or demographic aspects such as underlying HBV infection, clinical hepatitis and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HDV infection continues to be an important health issue in the Brazilian Amazon and that the implementation of the HBV vaccination in rural Lábrea had little or no impact on the spread of HDV. This shows that HDV has not yet disappeared from HBV hyperendemic areas and reminding that it is far from being a vanishing disease in the Amazon basin.

INTRODUÇÃO: É descrito declínio na ocorrência do vírus da hepatite D (VHD) na Europa e Ásia. Estimamos a prevalência de infecção pelo VHD na Amazônia Ocidental, após a introdução da vacinação contra hepatite B. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo de corte transversal da prevalência do VHD medido pela ocorrência de anticorpos totais (anti-HD T). RESULTADOS: A prevalência do VHD encontrada foi 41,9% entre os portadores do HBsAg, e esteve associado à idade (RP = 1,96; IC 95% 1,12-3,42; p = 0,01), infecção pelo HBV (RP = 4,38; IC 95% 3,12-6,13; p < 0,001) e história clínica de hepatite (RP =1,44; IC 95% 1,03-2,00; p = 0,03). Fatores de risco mostraram-se associados à biologia do HDV, aspectos clínicos e demográficos como infecção prévia pelo VHB e idade. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo demonstra que a infecção pelo VHD continua sendo um importante problema de saúde pública na região, e que a implantação da vacinação contra o VHB na área rural de Lábrea teve um impacto pouco significativo no controle do VHD, percebe-se que este ainda não desapareceu de áreas hiperendêmicas do VHB, e está longe de poder ser classificado como uma doença em declínio na bacia Amazônica.

Prevention of Viral Hepatitis and Vaccination / 대한내과학회지

Hepatitis viruses are most important cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. In past, hepatitis B virus was one of the major causes of acute hepatitis. Recently, around 60-70% of acute hepatitis is attributed to hepatitis A virus infection. In this article, we will discuss the route of hepatitis virus infection, how to prevent transmission of viral hepatitis and who should be immunized to each hepatitis viruses.

Relationship of expressions of bcl-2, bax and bak with HDAg in tissues of hepatitis D patients / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To study the roles of apoptosis genes bcl 2, bax, and bak in the pathogenesis of hepatitis D. Methods Expressions of HDAg, bcl 2, bax, and bak in liver specimens of 77 patients with hepatitis D were studied by immunohistochemical method. Meanwhile, the relationship of HDAg expression with the expressions of bcl 2, bax, and bak was studied by double labelling. Results Bcl 2 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and bax and bak mainly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and partly in the nucleus of hepatocytes, and HDAg mainly in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Lots of HDAg and bax/bak positive cells were distributed in infiltrating lymphocytes at the periportal region especially at the advancing edges of areas of piecemeal necrosis. Apoptosis of many hepatocytes was found to locate near the HDAg positive cells. There was positive correlation between the expression of bax/bak and HDAg expression ( P

Preparing the probes of cDNA microarray in detection of the hepatitis D virus with PCR products / 医学研究生学报

Objectives:To preparing the probes of cDNA microarray in detection of the Hepatitis D virus. Methods:The specific primers of PCR were designed accordion to the conserved region of HDV. Results: Sequences were aligned , and the results showed that the products of PCR amplification were the specific gene fragments of HDV. Conclusions:Using PCR amplification products to prepare gene chip probe was a quickly, simple effective method.

Etiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in Korean adults

One hundred and sixteen Korean adults with biopsy-proven acute viral hepatitis were studied to determine the etiology and the outcome of the disease using paired sera obtained during acute and convalescent phases. The prevalence of acute viral hepatitis A, B, D and non-A non-B were 3.4%, 60.3%, 0.9% and 35.3%, respectively: hepatitis B virus infection was the most common cause and the hepatitis D virus superinfection was almost negligible. Only eleven (26.8%) of 41 patients with AVH NANB were negative for all serological markers of HBV. The rest (73.2%) were positive for at least one HBV marker: HBsAg was positive in 31.7%. Therefore, the presence of HBV serologic markers in the sera does not exclude the diagnosis of AVH NANB in Korea. In patients with acute viral hepatitis B, 27% remained positive for HBsAg. Chronic hepatitis developed in 12.8% and 17% patients with acute hepatitis B and non-A non-B, respectively. Progression to chronic hepatitis in patients with acute viral hepatitis B and non-A non-B occurred more commonly, although statistically not significant, in male sex and in patients who did not have clinical jaundice during the acute phase and who showed bridging necrosis in their liver biopsies. Age did not influence the progression to chronic hepatitis.